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Public cloud technologies are increasingly being adopted by firms in the financial industry, including clearing and settlement facilities (CS facilities). Using public cloud offers a range of opportunities, but also presents risks for a CS facility’s operations. Because CS facilities play a critical role in supporting the smooth functioning of…

While it has evolved significantly over the years, China’s monetary policy framework continues to differ in some important respects to those in most advanced economies. In contrast to these economies, the People’s Bank of China makes significant use of quantity-based policy instruments, though interest rates now play a greater role…

Investment in Chinese urban residential real estate has been declining since 2021, and demand for steel by the sector has also slowed considerably. Despite this decline, overall demand for steel in China has been resilient due to strong growth in manufacturing and infrastructure investment, which looks likely to continue in…

Full employment is a longstanding objective of monetary policy in Australia, alongside price stability. The Reserve Bank Board aims to achieve the maximum level of employment consistent with low and stable inflation in the medium term. This article explains how RBA staff form an assessment of how labour market conditions…